DESCIFRANDO LA FORMA URBANA: UN ANÁLISIS DE PATRONES DE AGRUPAMIENTO BASADO EN SIG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21138/GF.612Keywords:
forma urbana, morfología urbana, análisis de clústeres, SIGAbstract
Este artículo propone un método de clasificación de tejidos urbanos a partir de un conjunto de variables derivadas de su propia morfología –edificios, parcelas, manzanas y calles–, centrado en el ámbito del Área Metropolitana de Barcelona. Se introducen atributos de densidad en relación a la condición de alineación de vial y la presencia de medianeras que complementan los parámetros más comunes en torno al techo y la huella construida. Se utiliza el algoritmo k-means para construir un conjunto de grupos homogéneos. Los resultados revelan un mosaico de tejidos urbanos nítido, compuesto de 12 grupos disimilares. Se sugiere la futura combinación de los valores de forma obtenidos con otros parámetros no estrictamente físicos –configuración socioeconómica, energía y equidad, entre otros– para evaluar los efectos de la morfología urbana en cada caso.References
Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., & Silverstein, M. (1977): A Pattern Language. Ch. Alexander. http://doi.org/10.2307/1574526
Área Metropolitana de Barcelona (n.d.): L’àrea metropolitana.
http://www.amb.cat/s/web/area-metropolitana/area-metropolitana.html (consultado 08-03-2018).
Berghauser Pont, M. Y., & Haupt, P. A. (2007): The relation between urban form and density. Urban Morphology.
Boeri, S., Lanzani, A., & Marini, E. (1993): Il Territorio che cambia : ambiente, paesaggi e immagini della regione milanese. Milano : AIM Associazione Interessi Metropolitani. Retrieved from http://cataleg.upc.edu/record=b1136007~S1*cat
Conzen, M. R. G. (1960): Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis. Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers), iii-122.
De Sola-Morales, M. (1979): Una cartografia per il territorio catalano / A cartography for the Catalan Territory. Lotus International, (23), 10–33.
De Solà-Morales, M. (1989): The culture of description. Perspecta, 16–25..
De Solà-Morales, M. (1993): Les Formes de creixement urbà. Barcelona : Edicions UPC. Retrieved from http://cataleg.upc.edu/record=b1082191~S1*cat
Dillenburger, B. (2010): Space Index: A retrieval-system for building-plots. In 28th Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2010).
Esteban i Noguera, J. (1981): Elementos de ordenación urbana. Barcelona : Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Catalunya. Retrieved from http://cataleg.upc.edu/record=b1029509~S1*cat
ESRI (n.d.): How Grouping Analysis Works.
http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/tools/spatial-statistics-toolbox/how-grouping-analysis-works.htm (consultado 07-12-2017)
Font Arellano, A. (2012): Patrons urbanístics de les activitats econòmiques : Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona = Urban patterns of economic activities : Barcelona Metropolitan Region. Barcelona : Generalitat de Catalunya. Retrieved from http://cataleg.upc.edu/record=b1417858~S1*cat
Font Arellano, A. (2004): L’Explosió de la ciutat = The explosion of the city : morfologies, mirades i mocions sobre les transformacions territorials recents en les regions urbanes de l’Europa Meridional : morphologies, observations and motions within recent territorial transforma. Barcelona : Fòrum Universal de les Cultures. Retrieved from http://cataleg.upc.edu/record=b1253660~S1*cat
Font Arellano, A., Llop, C., & Vilanova i Claret, J. M. (1999): La Construcció del territori metropolità : morfogènesi de la regió urbana de Barcelona. Barcelona : Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona. Mancomunitat de Municipis. Retrieved from http://cataleg.upc.edu/record=b1162510~S1*cat
Gil, J., Beirão, J. N., Montenegro, N., & Duarte, J. P. (2012): On the discovery of urban typologies: Data mining the many dimensions of urban form. Urban Morphology.
Haggag, M. A., & Ayad, H. M. (2002): The urban structural units method: A basis for evaluating environmental prospects for sustainable development. Urban Design International. http://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.udi.9000071
Hamaina, R., Leduc, T., & Moreau, G. (2012): Towards urban fabrics characterization based on buildings footprints. In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29063-3_18
Hanson, J. (1998): Decoding homes and houses. Cambridge University Press.
Hecht, R., Herold, H., Meinel, G., & Buchroithner, M. (2013): Automatic Derivation of Urban Structure Types from Topographic Maps by Means of Image Analysis and Machine Learning. 26th International Cartographic Conference - Proceedings : International Cartographic Association, 2013.
Hillier, B. (1996): Space is the Machine: A Configurational Theory of Architecture (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984): The social logic of space. Cambridge university press.
Jain, A. K. (2010): Data clustering: 50 years beyond K-means. Pattern Recognition Letters. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2009.09.011
Jenks, G. F. (1967): The data model concept in statistical mapping. International Yearbook of Cartography, 7(1), 186–190.
Laskari, A., Hanna, S., & Derix, C. (2008): Urban identity through quantifiable spatial attributes Coherence and dispersion of local identity through the automated comparative analysis of building block plans. Design Computing and Cognition ’08. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8728-8_32
Lloyd, S. P. (1982): Least Squares Quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. http://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1982.1056489
Macqueen, J. (1967): Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability. http://doi.org/citeulike-article-id:6083430
Marshall, S. (2005): Urban Pattern Specification. Solutions, (January), 1–48.
Meinel, G., Hecht, R., Herold, H., Schiller, G., Spangenberg, M., Burgdorf, M., & Kawka, R. (2008): Automatische Ableitung von stadtstrukturellen Grundlagendaten und Integration in einem Geographischen Informationssystem. Forschungen.
Mercadé-Aloy, J. (2016): Taming the road : a GIS-based visualisation and spatial analysis methodology towards retrofitting the intermediate urban mosaic. TDX (Tesis Doctorals En Xarxa). Retrieved from http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/371140
Moudon, A. V. (1997): Urban morphology as an emerging interdisciplinary field. Urban Morphology. http://doi.org/1027-4278
Oliveira, V. (2013): Morpho: A methodology for assessing urban form. Urban Morphology.
Schirmer, P. M., & Axhausen, K. W. (2015): A multiscale classification of urban morphology. Journal of Transport and Land Use. http://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2015.667
Secchi, B. (1993): Le trasformazioni dell’habitat urbano. Quaderno Della Ricerca Sulle Trasformazioni Dell’habitat Urbano in Europa, 1.
Sevtsuk, A., & Mekonnen, M. (2012): Urban network analysis. A new toolbox for ArcGIS. Revue Internationale de Géomatique. http://doi.org/10.3166/rig.22.287-305
Stead, D., & Marshall, S. (2001): The Relationships between Urban Form and Travel Patterns. An International Review and Evaluation. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research.
Steinhaus, H. (1956): Sur la division des corps matériels en parties. Bulletin de l’Académie Polonaise Des Sciences - Classe III. http://doi.org/citeulike-article-id:3738255
Talen, E. (2011): Sprawl retrofit: Sustainable urban form in unsustainable places. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 38(6), 952–978. http://doi.org/10.1068/b37048
Thomas, I., Frankhauser, P., Frenay, B., Verleysen, M., & Samos-Matisse, S. M. (2010): Clustering patterns of urban built-up areas with curves of fractal scaling behaviour. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. http://doi.org/10.1068/b36039
Van den Hoek, J. (2009): The Mixed Use Index (Mixed-use Index) as Planning Tool for (New) Towns in the 21st Century. New Towns for the 21st Century: The Planned vs, the Unplanned City. Amsterdam, NL: SUN Architecture.
Witten, I., & Frank, E. F. (2005): Data Mining: Pratical Machine Learning Tools and Techiniques - 2nd edition. Machine Learning. http://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010316)40:6<9823::AID-ANIE9823>3.3.CO;2-C
Ye, Y., & Van Nes, A. (2013): Measuring urban maturation processes in Dutch and Chinese new towns: Combining street network configuration with building density and degree of land use diversification through GIS. The Journal of Space Syntax, 4(1), 18–37.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
©The authors of the articles and other contributions published in GeoFocus keep intact the intellectual property rights over them. The authors and the publisher authorize the total or partial reproduction of the contents of the journal in the following terms:
1) Express mention of the author and the reference of the original publication.
2) Do not perform a commercial or lucrative use of them. Otherwise, you should contact the authors to make the appropriate arrangements.
3) Authors preserve their property rights and give to the journal the rights of the first publication of the work, registered with the Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional, which allows third parties to use the published data whenever the authorship of the work and first publication in this journal is mentioned.
4) It is allowed that authors disseminate electronically (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their own website) the published version of their work, as it encourages the earliest circulation and dissemination, and thus a possible increase in the citation and scope in the academic community.